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Umatshini wokwenza ingxowa ngumatshini wokwenza zonke iintlobo zeengxowa zeplastiki okanye ezinye iingxowa zempahla. Uluhlu lwalo lokucubungula zonke iintlobo zeplastiki okanye ezinye iingxowa eziphathekayo ezinobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingxowa zeplastiki zezona mveliso ziphambili.

Umatshini wokwenza ingxowa yeplastiki

1. Ukuhlelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki

1. Iintlobo zeengxowa zeplastiki
(1) Ingxowa yeplastiki ye-polyethylene yoxinzelelo oluphezulu
(2) Ingxowa yeplastiki ye-polyethylene yoxinzelelo oluphantsi
(3) Ingxowa yeplastiki yePolypropylene
(4) Ingxowa yeplastiki yePVC

2. Ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki

(1) Injongo yengxowa yeplastiki yepolyethylene yoxinzelelo oluphezulu:
A. Ukupakishwa kokutya: iikeyiki, iilekese, izinto eziqhotsiweyo, iibhiskithi, umgubo wobisi, ityuwa, iti, njl.
B. Ukupakishwa kweFayibha: iihempe, iimpahla, iimveliso zomqhaphu yenaliti, iimveliso zefiber zekhemikhali;
C. Ukupakishwa kweemveliso zemichiza yemihla ngemihla.
(2) Injongo yengxowa yeplastiki yepolyethylene yoxinzelelo oluphantsi:
A. Ingxowa yenkunkuma kunye nengxowa yoxinzelelo;
B. Ibhegi eluncedo, ibhegi yokuthenga, ibhegi yesandla, ibhegi yevest;
C. Ingxowa yokugcina entsha;
D. Ibhegi elukiweyo yangaphakathi
3
(4) Ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki zePVC: A. iingxowa zesipho; B. Iibhegi zemithwalo, iimveliso zomqhaphu yenaliti zokupakisha, iingxowa zokupakisha izithambiso;

C. (iziphu) ibhegi yoxwebhu kunye nebhegi yedatha.

2.Ukubunjwa kweeplastiki

Iplastiki esidla ngokuyisebenzisa asiyonto esulungekileyo. Yenziwe ngezinto ezininzi. Phakathi kwabo, i-polymer ephezulu ye-molecular (okanye i-synthetic resin) iyona nto iphambili yeeplastiki. Ukongezelela, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kweeplastiki, kuyimfuneko yokongeza izinto ezahlukeneyo ezincedisayo, ezifana nokuzalisa, i-plasticizers, i-lubricant, i-stabilizers kunye ne-colorants, ukuze ibe yiplastiki kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

1. I-Synthetic resin
I-Synthetic resin iyona nxalenye ephambili yeeplastiki, kwaye umxholo wayo kwiiplastiki ngokuqhelekileyo yi-40% ~ 100%. Ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu kunye nohlobo lwe-resin luhlala lumisela ubunjani beplastiki, abantu bahlala bethatha i-resin njenge-synonym yeplastiki. Ngokomzekelo, i-resin ye-PVC kunye ne-PVC yeplastiki, i-phenolic resin kunye ne-phenolic plastic iyabhideka. Enyanisweni, i-resin kunye neplastiki ziingcamango ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. I-resin yipolymer yokuqala engalungiswanga. Ayisetyenziswa kuphela ukwenza iiplastiki, kodwa iphinda isetyenziswe njengezinto ezikrwada zokugquma, izinto zokuncamathelisa kunye neentsinga zokwenziwa. Ukongeza kwinxalenye encinci yeeplastiki eziqulethe i-resin ye-100%, uninzi lweeplastiki kufuneka zongeze ezinye izinto ngaphezu kwe-resin yecandelo eliphambili.

2. Isigcwalisi
Iifayili, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-fillers, zinokuphucula amandla kunye nokumelana nobushushu kweeplastiki kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Umzekelo, ukongezwa komgubo womthi kwi-phenolic resin kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko, ukwenza iplastiki ye-phenolic ibe yenye yeeplastiki ezingabizi kakhulu, kwaye iphucule kakhulu amandla oomatshini. Izigcwalisi zinokwahlulwa zibe zizihluzi ze-organic kunye nezihluzi ze-inorganic, eyokuqala efana nomgubo womthi, amalaphu, iphepha kunye nemicu eyahlukeneyo yelaphu, kunye neyokugqibela efana nefiber yeglasi, idiatomite, iasbestos, icarbon emnyama, njl.

3. Iplastiki
Iiplastiki zePlastiki zinokwandisa iplastiki kunye nokuthamba kweeplastiki, zinciphise ubuqhophololo kwaye zenze iiplastiki zibe lula ukusetyenzwa nokumila. IiPlastiki zidla ngokuba ziikhompawundi eziphezulu zokubilisa eziphilayo ezixubeneyo nentlaka, ezingenatyhefu, ezingenavumba kwaye zizinzile ekukhanyeni nasekufudumaleni. Iiphthalates zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ekuveliseni iiplastiki zePVC, ukuba iiplastiki ezininzi zongezwa, iiplastiki ezithambileyo zePVC zinokufumaneka. Ukuba akukho okanye i-plasticizers encinci iyongezwa (i-dosage <10%), iiplastiki zePVC eziqinileyo zingafumaneka.

4. Isizinzi
Ukuze kuthintelwe i-resin yokwenziwa ukuba ingaboli kwaye yonakaliswe kukukhanya kunye nobushushu kwinkqubo yokucubungula kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo, i-stabilizer kufuneka yongezwe kwiplastiki. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa i-stearate, i-epoxy resin, njl.

5. Umbala
Imibala inokwenza iiplastiki zibe nemibala eyahlukeneyo eqaqambileyo nentle. Idayi ze-Organic kunye ne-inorganic pigments zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengeemibala.

6. Isithambiso
Umsebenzi we-lubricant kukuthintela iplastiki ukuba inganamatheli kwi-mold yensimbi ngexesha lokubumba, kwaye wenze indawo yeplastiki ihambe kakuhle kwaye ihle. Izithambiso eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-stearic acid kunye neetyuwa zayo ze-calcium magnesium.

Ukongeza kwezi zongezo zingentla, iiretardants zomlilo, ii-agent ezikhupha ugwebu kunye nee-antistatic agents nazo zingongezwa kwiiplastiki ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.

Umatshini wokwenza ingxowa yempahla

Isikhwama sengubo sibhekisela kwisikhwama esenziwe ngefilimu ye-OPP okanye ifilimu ye-PE, i-PP kunye ne-CPP, ingenayo ifilimu yokubambelela kwi-inlet kwaye itywinwe kumacala omabini.

Injongo:

Sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukupakisha iimpahla zasehlotyeni, ezinje ngeehempe, iziketi, iiblukhwe, iibhulukhwe, iitawuli, izonka kunye neebhegi zobucwebe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu hlobo lwebhegi lunokuzincamathela kuyo, olunokuthi luvalwe ngokuthe ngqo emva kokulayishwa kwimveliso. Kwiimarike zasekhaya, olu hlobo lwengxowa luthandwa kakhulu kwaye lusebenza ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yokungafihli kakuhle kwayo, ikwalukhetho olufanelekileyo lokupakisha izipho.